Air Weapons for the Cold War, 1946-1962
Mk 8, M-24A, F-102A, M-61A
Page 8
The next step was a smaller bomb shaped to be carried beneath fighters, the 1,680-pound Mk 7 of 1952. Also produced as the W-7 warhead, it became a multi-purpose weapon usable on missiles and a variety of shapes that remained in service until 1967. To attack underground facilities, the Navy developed the 3,230-pound Mk 8 with delayed action detonation, instead of the airbursts of the earlier weapons. No longer were nuclear weapons a SAC monopoly, as the other forces demanded warheads to fit their needs.
Just as the first atomic explosion in 1945 had begun a new level of warfare, development of the "H-bomb" was
a massive increase in the possibilities of mass destruction.
A thermonuclear device yielding over ten megatons was exploded October 31, 1952, and led to tests of weaponized H-bombs by the U.S. in February 1954, and by the USSR on August 12, 1953. A Soviet Tu-95V Bear dropped a huge 20-ton bomb on October 30, 1961, that was estimated at 58-megatons, but more practical thermonuclear warheads were among thousands of weapons stockpiled in many shapes.
Thermonuclear weapons expanded the threat of mutual destruction and leaders on both sides of the cold war seriously questioned the path to a world war that would put civilization itself at risk. The Limited Nuclear Test Ban Treaty of 1963 was the first step to contain that threat.
|